Educational Progress Arizona s School System - 1253 Words

Educational Progress Arizona has been known for a few years to be a part of the worst educational performance and it only makes people question when the board of education will do something or anything at all to change this. Arizona’s school system drastically dropped from ranks for several years now. It’s important that changes be made to the ineffective school system. The future of the world has always lied in the hands of the youngest generation because soon enough they will grow up to be the presidents and government of the United States. Proving, of course, that one should not settle for anything less than the best education for all the young children, no matter where they live. Arizona was placed â€Å"48 out of the 50† states in educational performance and being that low should be a signal for the board of education to make strict changes to enhance its educational system (Bernardo). An easy and not so problematic way of getting a better learning process is more one on one tutoring. Kids are being placed in classes together and not all of them learn at the same rate. One child might understand something without complications. Yet, the other might not understand a simple step. With classes with various amounts of kids, not all of them are able to get the attention needed to figure out that one step. If each of them were walked through the process of things individually, there would obviously be a better chance of understanding the content. Arun Alagappan properly statedShow MoreRelatedThe Future Of Arizona Should Help Fund The Implementation Of A New Education System Essay1655 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Future of Arizona should help fund the implementation of a new education system that will effectively meet the needs in order for Arizona to become one of the best in K-12 education in the nation. According to the report done by the National Center for Education Sta tistics for the 100 largest school districts in the nation, in the fiscal year 2013 the total expenditure of Mesa Unified School District in Arizona was of only $7,110 per pupil. On the other hand, the Boston City Schools in MassachusettsRead MoreMexican American War : Mexico Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pages Mexico, whose official name is Estados Unidos Mexicanos or United Mexican States is our neighbor to the south, the U. S. and Mexico share 1,989 miles of border territory (â€Å"How Long,† 2015). Mexico is made up of 31 states and one federal district. Prior to the Mexican American War in 1846, New Mexico, California, Texas, Arizona, Colorado and Utah were also part of the Mexican territory, which was about one third of their territory (â€Å"Mexican-American War,† 2009) The population in Mexico is estimatedRead MoreArizona’s Historical Development2438 Words   |  10 Pagesdates back to thousands of years ago. Arizona holds the second largest amount of indigenous/ Native American population of any other state in the United States. One of the first groups of people to live on Arizona’s land was the Native Americans, or otherwise called the American Indians. These Natives came much before any of the Europeans, or the Spanish settlers came to Arizona. Ther e were three main Native American groups that truly began the exploration of Arizona. These groups include the AnasaziRead MoreThe Arizona Department Of Water Resources1774 Words   |  8 Pagesand their views: Government officials and groups such as the Arizona Department of Water Resources seem confident in the progress thus far to conserve and store for the future. Arizona is one of the few western states considered to have a well-divided government organization when it comes to managing the above and underground water resources. The Key persons and groups in Government on this situation along with their role in Arizona water are as follows: The Governor (Doug Ducey; January 15th,Read MoreThe Flat World And Education1716 Words   |  7 Pages In their novels The Flat World and Education: How America s Commitment to Equity Will Determine Our Future and Education and Opportunity, both Hammond and McShane offer expert insight and solutions to repair America’s broken educational system. While the two authors have varying views regarding how to successfully reform the system, both share a universal belief that America has failed to establish a system of education that prepares all children equally— especially children of color— for the rigorsRead MoreNational Association For The Advancement Of Colored People1042 Words   |  5 PagesNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) The mission of the NAACP is to protect and provide the political, educational, social, and economic equality rights of minority groups and citizens; attain equal opportunity of rights and excludes race discrimination between the citizens of the United States. The objectives of this mission are to inform the public of the adverse effects of racial discrimination and to seek its elimination, to seek enactment and enforcement of federalRead MoreQuestions On Arizona State University2220 Words   |  9 Pages Making Arizona Whole Again, One Community at a Time. Submitted by, Ashley Brister November 23rd, 2014 Arizona State University Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦1 Purpose†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 Rising Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 Illegal Immigration†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦1-2 Water Shortages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2-3 Education System.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3-4 RecommendationsRead MoreThe Teaching Concept Of Banking Education1098 Words   |  5 Pagesparents in the student s education. I teach in San Luis, AZ, a community composed mainly of Hispanic families and Spanish is the primary language. In order to build a positive relationship with the community and parents, it is important to understand and implement the culture in the curriculum. Setting an open door policy, genuinely listening to concerned parents, and speaking in the family’s native language, allows educators to gain an understanding of their student s cultural strengths and needsRead MoreBenefits Of Being A Teacher1799 Words   |  8 Pageslike to be when you grow up†, so kids might say a lawyer, the next president, firefighter or even a teacher. Today people don t understand a teacher s life or how much they do for their community. The life of a teacher has changed dramatically. As the world grows, there is beginning to be a huge demand for teachers nowadays. H aving a job in today s society is so crucial and being a teacher might not be ideal, but there are positive and negative effects of being a teacher. Teachers have a wide varietyRead MoreEducation for Undocumented Students Essay1908 Words   |  8 Pagestowards these individuals, while introducing stricter policies in regards to employment. However, in recent years, with the states budgets on the line, a slew of anti-immigrant laws have emerged into the political arena. Recent controversies in Arizona and Georgia have derived from questions regarding the education of undocumented immigrants in the last several years. This paper will overview several federal and state legislations in regards to an undocumented childs rights to a public education

The Death Penalty As A Form Of Capital Punishment

People need to better understand that an â€Å"eye for an eye† does not make the world go round but merely denying another human the right to live. Death Penalty is a sentence where the state terminate the life of the convicted as a form of capital punishment. The death penalty is legal as well as long as it is imposed fairly. It is one has been an ongoing battle in the United States that raises some litigation issues regarding the effectiveness of counsel, the use of qualified juries, and the lengthy period in which offenders have to spend on death row while anticipating execution. However, in order to find a possible solution to this issue, it is only right to shed light on what Death Penalty is and the implications it has on society. Exploring other possible solutions apart from stereotypical agendas is essential. Therefore, it is acceptable for criminals to be given an equivalent punishment for the crime committed. Until death penalty is eliminated, discrimination, racism and bigotry will prevail with the ongoing practices of institutionalized systems that limits the progress of minorities and the poor. The death penalty has been around for as long as one could remember. Executions have been recorded from the 1600s to present times. From about 1620, the executions by year increased in the US. It has been a steady increase up until the 1930s; later the death penalty dropped to zero in the 1970s and then again rose steadily. US citizens said that the death penalty wasShow MoreRelatedDeath Penalty As A Form Of Capital Punishment895 Words   |  4 Pages In some states they practice death penalty as a form of capital punishment. The death penalty has been around since the country has been founded and is defined as the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime. Legally there are only a number of ways one can be executed here in the U.S, those include; lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, hanging, and firing squad, with lethal injection being the most common form. For centuries people have arguedRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Form Of Capital Punishment Essay2352 Words   |  10 PagesThe death penalty is a form of capital punishment which has been implemented in the judicial system for thousands of years, the popularity of which has fluctuated throughout the years. Over time, the public has generally been supportive of the use of the death penalty within the United States judicial system, where at one point almost all citizens were in favor of this form of capital punishment. However, in more recent years, the support for it has decreased and due to this it has become a lessRead MoreWhy the Death Penalty is Ineffective1552 Words   |  6 PagesWhy the Death Penalty is Ineffective The society constantly tries to reason with an effective way to respond to violence. Differences in opinion on the use of death as punishment arise from differences in religious, ethical, cultural, and morale perspectives. The role of death as a punishment for an offence has not been solved today, and remains a dilemma for the citizenrys political, legal, social, and religious thought. This is because an answer to the question is the death penalty effectiveRead MoreCapital Punishment Of The United States961 Words   |  4 Pages Capital Punishment in the United States For centuries, capital punishment has been used as a consequence of capital crime. Criminals who have committed such crimes are subject to facing the death penalty. Pickens shares, â€Å"Capital crimes are considered to be treason or terrorist attacks against the government, crimes against property when life is threatened, and crimes against a person that may include murder, assault, and robberyRead MorePros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1348 Words   |  6 Pagesmethods of punishment on lawbreakers and criminals. These include jail time, community service, paroles, fines, and the most shocking, the death penalty. The death penalty, also referred to as capital punishment, was first introduced in the form of hanging hundreds of years ago when America was first established. Now, the most common way of execution proves to be death by lethal injection. For hundreds of years, people have argued over whether or not the general idea of capital punishment stands morallyRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Truth About The Death Penalty†, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishment for a sentence ofRead More Capital Punishment Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagesexpression, â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth† has become the basis for this political debate over the past several decades --- capital punishment. In society today, many people are murdered every day by the hands of another human being. Those who are for capital punishment promote that it is a deterrent for crime, provides closure, and is a moral p unishment for those who choose to take a human life. Those not in favor of it argue that it is an ineffective crime deterrent, sends the wrongRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1303 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment: The Benefits and Downfalls Taylor M. Osborne Charleston Southern University Abstract The following essay explores the pros and cons of capital punishment. A brief history of how capital punishment was introduced into modern society is included. Various resources have been used for research which include online articles, studies, and textbook references. This paper suggests the costs of capital punishment to be very high, but brings closure and justice to families, and evenRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Death Penalty910 Words   |  4 Pageshistory of capital punishment, and why others believe it is okay. Capital punishment is when someone has committed a crime in which they are sentenced to death. In this paper I will be arguing that the death penalty is okay. Capital punishment has been a controversial and debatable issue for centuries. People have been sentenced to capital punishment since the beginning of time, it has been accepted as fair punishment by law enforcement within any period. Over time capital punishment has becomeRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review Capital punishment is defined as â€Å"a form of sentencing where the convicted person is ordered to death by the court system (Dotson and Carter, 2012, p.1). Capital punishment also known as the death penalty is one of the most controversial issues in today’s society. Many supporters and opponents of the death penalty debate over whether it is constitutional, whether it is inhumane, and whether it deters crime. Some abolitionists view the death penalty as immoral because it violates

The Hobbit Book Review Essay Example For Students

The Hobbit: Book Review Essay IntroductionThe book I read and analyzed was The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkein. I shall discuss the plot and character development, setting, authors style and my opinions about it.Plot DevelopmentThere are too many characters in the story and so it is hard to follow and know each one of them. (There are many dwarves and its confusing. )In the beginning there is an introduction where the author tells a bit about what is a hobbit and the hobbits (Bilbo) family. It is not very complicated and the author makes it easy to understand. This introduction gives the general background, which makes the story easier to understand, for the plot and its development.The plot development in the middle is not complicated and easy to follow. It can even be summarized in a few sentences.The ending is expected since the author gives hints about it. As in the introduction when he says that the hobbit would gain something, this means that he will not die. Then, the reader is not kept in suspense and does not expect to see what happens at the end. The last climax (or what is supposed to be the climax) takes a long time to occur (the last fightgood (men, elves, dwarves ; eagles) vs. evil (wargs ; goblins)) and this reduces its effectiveness.After the climax there is the long return home. It is quite boring since there is nothing to expect to and the reader knows that the hobbit would get home safely. In my opinion it should have been shorter.Character DevelopmentThe creation of the characters is done by their dialogues and monologues, actions and things noted by the narrator (the author in this case) himself. An example for dialogue: All the same, I should like it all plain and clear, also I should like to know about risks, out-of-pocket expenses.. . (by Bilbo, page 22, it shows that he is not ready to jump into things so quickly). An example for a monologue: Now is the time for our esteemed Mr. Baggins, who has proved himself. .. (by Thorin, page 210, it shows Thorins style). A good example for action is when Thorin blocked the Gate in the mountain that shows the reader that the treasure is important to Thorin and he rather die than giving it away. An example for notes by the author: You are familiar with Thorins style on important occasions (page 210) the author talks directly to the reader and helps him understand the text. Each character has a physical description. The length and content of the description increase as the character importance to the plot increases (e.g., the hobbit has very long descriptions in the story (especially in the introduction) and the Elvenking has fewer descriptions). The more important characters get an emotional description too, but it is not well seen, but it can be extracted from the text by analyzing it. The example I gave before about Bilbo not rushing into things is a good example for this too.The central figure is the hobbit, Bilbo. He is the one that makes many things occur by his mistakes and luck. The author gives long descriptions of him and refers to him a lot, he also made him save his companions life and without him the plot would not have been the same.The supporting cast is divided into the more important characters (such as the dwarves and Gandalf) into less important and less described ones (such as the elf guards that caught the party in the woods).It is hard to believe that the characters can exist in reality since they cannot, and they are not supposed to since it is a fantasy book.SettingThe story occurs in the imaginary worldMiddle-earthcreated by the author, it is appropriate since creatures that are found in the book (e. .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d , .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d .postImageUrl , .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d , .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d:hover , .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d:visited , .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d:active { border:0!important; } .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d:active , .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucaace9807726fd1c4290886c20a5157d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American revolutionary war 2 Essayg., goblins and dwarves) do not exist in our world.Since the story happens in many places over Middle-earth the author gives a deep description only in places where important things to the plot happen but in other places he gives a more general description. Most places make the reader have a picture in his brain of them, the author uses the appropriate words and gives good descriptions. It takes the story about a year to occur. It starts at the spring and ends in about the same time the year after. Parts of the story take place in every time of the day (and night). The mood is of fantasy world, where everything (like magic and huge treasures) can appear and happen. Authors StyleThe words used in the book are not very complicated, but there are some words that are not longer in use, or used just in poets (such as ere in some dialogues).The style in which the dialogues are written depends on who is talking and when (e.g., when the Elvenking talked to Thorin he did not treat him with respect (because elves hated dwarves) and so did Thorin because he was offended with his captivation). There was no suspense in the story, because of the author that destroyed it right at the beginning and with his hints all over the story, saying that the hobbit and his friends would win and get what they wanted. At the end it was clear that the good people are going to win the battle against the evil.The plot is not very complicated and it can be summarized by one paragraph or something like this.Critics ChoiceAlthough I like fantasy style, I did not really like this book. The book was the worst fantasy book I ever read, although I know that the author is considered to be one of the people that gave the fantasy style a great push.Even though the book is well written there are some faults that make it boring and uninteresting (such as the lack of suspense that I already discussed before). Comparing this book to the Dragon Lance series and especially the first, original ones, by Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman the Dragon Lance is much better. For this book to be more interesting some changes need to be made, like dropping all the notes that the author puts in about the characters. These notes that reduced the suspense made the book very boring and I even fell asleep once reading it. If you want to read a fantasy book, you should skip this one and read a book of Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman that are better authors.

Pharmacology Lab Report High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Question: Describe about measuring inhibitors of Purines and Xanthine, Allopurinol and Oxypurinol within aqueous solution with the help of HPLC? Answer: Introduction: Allopurinol (Zuloprim as well as generics) refers to a drug that is used for treating the increased amount of uric acid in blood plasma (hyperuricemia) as well as chronic gout. This Allopurinol is said to reduce the level of uric acid within the body by simply blocking one of the many processes that make it. It is helpful in ceasing the extent of uric acid within the blood from getting higher and leading to problems such as gout and kidney stone. When allopurinol is missing, usual urinary letting outcome of oxypurines is completely in the form of uric acid. Once allopurinol is administered, it includes hypoxanthine, uric acid, and xanthine, each having variant solubility properties (Eisenberg et al., 1990). As a result, the uric acid concentration within plasma is lessened without much exposure of urinary tract towards an excess load of uric acid, thereby reducing the risk occurrence of crystalluria. By reducing the concentration of uric acid within the plasma far below its solubilit y limits, allopurinol enables dissolution of tophi. Despite increasing levels of hypoxanthine as well as xanthine, risk of their disposition is lesser than that of uric acid since these are more soluble and also quickly cleaned up by kidney. In order to ignore disposition of xanthine stones, it has been an advice to all individuals to carry on with increased intake of fluid and also an alkaline or neural urinary pH, particularly when concentration of initial uric acid is quite high that leads to the patient getting symptomatic. When allopurinol is metabolized by xanthine oxidoreductase to form Oxypurinol, it itself acts as a xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor, thus decreasing formation of urate or uric acid (HAMANAKA et al., 1998). Oxypurinol as well as Allopurinol are identified to improve the function of endothelium by means of the ability to lessen the oxidative stress within the blood vessels apart from their authentic function as uric acid reducing agents. The uric acid is refer red to as a chemical which is formed naturally within the body. Often, the level of this uric acid of the body may increase greatly leading to the development of gout, formation of kidney stones or other issues. In Figure below, it reflects action mechanism for Allopurinol and Oxypurinol: Objectives of the Study: The main objective of this study is to quantitatively determine the concentration of unknown samples that bears allopurinol, uric acid, oxypurinol, xanthine and hypoxanthine within the acqueous solution by utilizing HPLC. Use of Method: Developing five-point marking calibration curve within distilled water meant for oxypurinol, allopurinol, xanthine, hypoxanthine, and uric acid. Analyzing calibration curves as well as samples provided that are unknown (each four time). Calculating precision of the undertaken analyses of purines as well as drugs from derived outcomes (Hoey, Butler and Halliwell, 1988). Health and Safety: Effective laboratory practices as well as higher standards of work hygiene should be observed all throughout the assay. Every involved personnel is required to use proper protective clothing as well as safety equipment needed to perform various tasks. The COSHH sheets associated with all materials to be utilized throughout the assay would indicate the important precautions needed to be applied prior to the initiation of the assay (Okamoto and Nishino, 2008). HPLC: Increasingly performing liquid chromatography (often stated as high pressure liquid chromatography), HPLC is a technique in chromatography utilized for separating a compound mixture within analytical chemistry as well as biochemistry having an aim to identify, quantify, and purify each basic component of the mixture (Kam Ming Ko and Godin, 1990). It is even considered as a technique of instrumentation of analytical chemistry rather than a gravimetric technique. HPLC Equipment: The system of HPLC comprises of a Shimadzu LC-10AT VP pump, a Shimadzu SPD-6A variable wavelength UV detector, a Shimadzu SIL-9A sample injector and a computer with Jones JCL 6000 data intake software. The column used is a PhenomenexHypercolone 5m, dimensions 25cm 4.6 mm (id).The guard column is a Crawford Scientific Opti-Guard 1mm C18 column. The column is maintained at ambient temperature(Pacher, 2006) HPLC Conditions: Flow: 1.0 ml/min. : UV; 280 nm; Absorbance 0.01; Gain (data acquisition) 12. Inject vol.: 50 l. Temperature: ambient (22-24 C). Reagents: The given below items were supplied Stock standard solutions of: Allopurinol=5 mM Oxypurinol=10 mM Uric acid=5 mM Hypoxanthine =2 mM Xanthine=2 mM Distilled water to construct calibration curves Internal Standard (IS) 5-Fluorouracil-10m/ml distilled H Mobile phase50mM Phosphate buffer, pH 6.2; no organic modifier. 3 unknown aqueous solutions for analyses four times(Springer et al., 2009). Methods: Preparing work standards Deciding upon five proper calibrations in given range for each of the compounds Table 1: The stock standard of the compounds Compound Stock Std. Conc. (mM) Std. Curve range (M) Total volume (mls) Allopurinol 5 0-500 10 Oxypurinol 10 0-500 10 Uric acid 5 0-500 10 Hypoxanthine 2 0-200 10 Xanthine 2 0-100 10 Table 2: The five calibration concentrations of oxypurinol, allopurinol, xanthine, hypoxanthine and uric acid Flask No. Allopurinol conc. (M) Oxypurinol conc. (M) Uric acid conc. (M) Hypoxanthine conc. (M) Xanthine conc. (M) 2 100 100 100 25 20 3 200 200 200 50 40 4 300 300 300 75 60 5 400 400 400 100 80 6 500 500 500 125 100 The amount of stock standard necessary to build 10 ml work standards within distilled water was decided by application of the given equation Since all the compounds are simultaneously measured, only one 10 ml volumetric flask is required to be spiked along with each stock for each standard concentration. Table 3: The volume of Standard stock for each compound in each flask Flask No. Allopurinol vol.ml Oxypurinol vol.ml Uric acid vol.ml Hypoxanthine vol.ml Xanthine vol.ml water vol.ml 2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.125 0.1 9.275 3 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.25 0.2 8.55 4 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.375 0.3 7.825 5 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.4 7.1 6 1 0.5 1 0.625 0.5 6.375 Label 10 ml glass volumetric flask 2 6 and making up the work Standard concentrations that we have upon in these flasks. Used a clean pipette tip every time (Sun et al., 2001). Once added the appropriate volume of stock to volumetric flask, we used the distilled water in the wash-bottle to initially make the volume up near to the 10 ml mark in the volumetric, and then if required we use a pastille to make up the mark. Assay Procedure: Label 20 HPLC vials 1 20: 1 6 contain standard 1 6 7 10 contain unknown-1 11 14 contain unknown-2 15 18 contain unknown-3 19 20 contain water to prevent carryover. Add 75l from each working standard or unknown to an HPLC vial. Add 25ul IS (10g/ml 5-flourouracil/ml) to each vial. Mix very briefly (3 seconds) by using vortex mixture. Load vials into HPLC auto sampler and inject(Vieira, Gonalo and Figueiredo, 2004). Results: All 21 chromatographs were out The very first graph shows the blank sample The groups from S2 to S6 were presenting the standard samples. The groups from unknown1A to unknown1D were presenting unknown-1 sample. The groups from unknown2A to unknown2D were presenting unknown-2 sample. The groups from unknown3A to unknown3D were presenting represent unknown-3 sample. The five standard curves of allopurinol, oxypurinol, hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid would be drowning using the regression (PHR on the Y axis against Concentration on X axis). The peak high ratio (PHR) for the standard= height of the standard divide on the height of internal standard. Discussion: HPLC or High performance liquid chromatography is often used as a potential tool in quantitative as well as qualitative analysis that aids an enhanced understanding of the outcomes of chemical reaction, and also enabling identification of every comprising component of mixture solutions including their concentrations (Kannangara et al., 2012). Thus, it was utilized while performing the experiment for determining the actual concentrations of allopurinol, purines and oxypurinol in unknown samples. The linearity, specificity, and intra precision are significant measurements that need to be assessed during practical sessions. By using excel program it became easy to ascertain the existing linearity amidst the concentrations as well as peak height ratio for producing the calibration curve as well as regression equation. The values of R-sq for calibration curves of compounds exhibit the existence of a perfect linear relationship amidst concentration as well as peak height ratio(O'Regan, Phi llis and Walter, 1989). The intra precision identified to be correct since CV values were lesser than 10%. Conclusion: HPLC or the High performance liquid chromatography system refers to an automated process which takes just few minutes for generating results. This reflects the difference over liquid chromatography that utilizes gravity rather than high speed pump for forcing compounds in the midst of dense-packed tubing. The outcomes generated are of greater resolution that is easy to be read, and also tests are conveniently reproduced through the automated process. But, HPLC hardly detects co-elution that may lead to improper compound categorization. A demand exists for a higher cost for equipment required for conducting HPLC. 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